Agriculture

Crop Production

Integrated Pest Managment

IPM for fruit crops

IPM Strategies for Apple

Apple: Natural Enemies

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<h3>Natural Enemies of Apple Insect Pests</h3>
<h4>Parasitoids</h4>
<p><img src="https://static.vikaspedia.in/media/images_en/agriculture/crop-production/integrated-pest-managment/ipm-for-fruit-crops/ipm-strategies-for-apple/Parasitoids.jpg" height="420" alt="Parasitoids" title="Parasitoids" class="image-inline" width="680" /></p>
<h4>Predators</h4>
<p><img src="https://static.vikaspedia.in/media/images_en/agriculture/crop-production/integrated-pest-managment/ipm-for-fruit-crops/ipm-strategies-for-apple/Predators.jpg" height="420" alt="Predators" title="Predators" class="image-inline" width="680" /></p>
<h3>Flowering plants that attract natural enemies/repel pests</h3>
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<td class="xl68" height="20" width="380"><strong>Natural   enemies</strong></td>
<td class="xl68" width="354"><strong>Attractant/repellent/trap plants</strong></td>
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<td class="xl71" colspan="2" height="20"><strong>Codling moth:</strong></td>
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<td align="left" class="xl67" height="40" width="380"><strong>Parasitoids</strong>: Trichogramma embryophagum   (egg),T. cacoeciaepallidum (egg) etc.</td>
<td class="xl66" rowspan="2" width="354">Nectar rich plants   with small fl owers i.e. anise, caraway,<br /> dill, parsley, mustard, sunfl ower, buckwheat (Braconid<br /> wasp and other wasps)</td>
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<td align="left" class="xl67" height="40" width="380"><strong>Predators:</strong> Birds (grey tit, Parus major and   Passer domesticus)</td>
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<td class="xl70" colspan="2" height="20" width="734"><strong>San   Jose scale:</strong></td>
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<td align="left" class="xl65" height="40" width="380"><strong>Parasitoids:</strong> Encarsia perniciosi and Aphytis sp (nymphal and adult) etc.</td>
<td class="xl72" rowspan="2">Sunfl ower family, carrot family, buckwheat</td>
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<td class="xl69" height="53" width="380"><strong>Predators:</strong> Coccinellid (Chilocorus   infernalis, Pharoscymnus fl exibilis) etc.<br /></td>
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<td class="xl71" colspan="2" height="20"><strong>Woolly apple aphid :</strong></td>
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<td align="left" height="20"><strong>Parasitoids:</strong> Aphelinus mali (nymphal and adult)</td>
<td class="xl73" rowspan="2" width="354">Attractant plants:   Carrot family, sunfl ower family,<br /> buckwheat, alfalfa, cosmos (minute pirate bug and<br /> lacewing, syrphids, coccinellids) etc.</td>
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<td align="left" class="xl67" height="80" width="380"><strong>Predators:</strong> Coccinellids (Coccinella   septempunctata, Menochilus sexmaculatus),lacewings (Chrysoperla zastrowi   sillemi), syrphid fl ies (Syrphus confrator, Episyrphus balteatus) etc.</td>
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<td class="xl75" colspan="2" height="20" width="734"><strong>European   red mite :</strong></td>
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<td align="left" class="xl67" height="139" width="380"><strong>Predators:</strong> Lacewings (Chrysoperla zastrowi   sillemi), predatory mites (Amblyseius fallacies and Zitzellia mali),   Coccinellids (Stethorus punctum) etc.</td>
<td class="xl75" width="354">•   Carrot family, bishop’s weed (spider mite destroyer)<br /> •  Sunfl   ower family, marigold, buckwheat, spearmint (ladybird beetle)<br /> • Carrot family, sunfl ower family, buckwheat,   alfalfa, shrubs (minute pirate bug)<br /> • French bean (predatory mites) Berseem clover,   sub-terranean clovers (big eyed bugs)</td>
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<td class="xl71" colspan="2" height="20"><strong>Tent caterpillar :</strong></td>
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<td align="left" height="21"><strong>Parasitoids: </strong>Tachinid fl y etc.</td>
<td class="xl74" width="354"><br /></td>
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<td class="xl71" colspan="2" height="20"><strong>Indian gypsy moth :</strong></td>
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<td align="left" class="xl67" height="122" width="380"><strong>Parasitoids:</strong> Anastatuis kashmiriensis   (egg),Telenomus sp (egg), Cotesia melanoscela (larval), Glyptapantelos   indiensis (larval), G. fl evicoxis (larval), tachinid (Pales sp) (larval),   Brachymeria intermedia (pupal), B. lasus (pupal) etc.</td>
<td class="xl73" width="354">• Attractant plants: Carrot family,   sunfl ower family, buckwheat, alfalfa, corn, shrubs (minute pirate bug and   lacewing)<br /> • Nectar rich plants with small flowers i.e. anise, caraway,dill, parsley,   mustard, sunfl ower, buckwheat and cowpea (Braconid wasp)</td>
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<td class="xl71" colspan="2" height="20"><strong>Blossom thrips :</strong></td>
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<td class="xl69" height="94" width="380"><strong>Predators:</strong> antlion, predatory   thrips, coccinellids,anthocorids, lygaeids etc.</td>
<td align="left" class="xl76" width="354">·           French bean (predatory thrips)<br /> • Carrot family, sunfl ower family, marigold, buckwheat,spearmint (syrphid   fl y, lacewing, minute pirate bug, damsel bug and ladybird beetle)</td>
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<td class="xl77" colspan="2" height="20"><strong>Apple maggot :</strong></td>
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<td align="left" height="20"><strong>Parasitoids:</strong> Diachasmimorpha sp,</td>
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<h3>IPM for Apple</h3>
<p>To know the IPM practices for Apple, <a href="http://vikaspedia.in/agriculture/crop-production/integrated-pest-managment/ipm-for-fruit-crops/ipm-strategies-for-apple/crop-stage-wise-ipm" target="_blank" class="internal-link">click here.</a></p>
<p><strong>Source:</strong> <a class="ext-link-icon external-link" href="http://niphm.gov.in/IPMPackages/Apple.pdf" target="_blank" title="niphm.gov.in (External website that opens in new window)"><i>NIPHM</i></a>, and <a class="ext-link-icon external-link" href="http://ppqs.gov.in/" target="_blank" title="ppqs.gov.in (External website that opens in new window)"><i>Directorate of Plant Protection, Quarantine &amp; Storage</i></a></p>
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