ICAR Rabi season Agro Advisory for Tamil Nadu and Puducherry

Rice

Varieties recommended for Rabi season

Nursery management

• Recommended nursery area: 20 cents /ha, seed rate: 30 kg for long, 40 kg for medium and 60 kg for short duration varieties, 20 kg for hybrids, 5-7 kg for single seedling and 12 -15 kg for two seedlings planting under SRI, 75 kg for dry seeded rice.
• Seed treatment: Soak the seeds in Carbendazim or Pyroquilon or Tricyclozole solution @ 2 g/kg seeds/l water for 10 hours and drain excess water.
• Treat seeds with talc-based Bacillus subtilis @10g/kg of seed and soak in 1 litre of water overnight.
• Bio-fertilizers: Soak the seeds in a solution containing 1 kg each of Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria or 1kg of Azophos bioinoculants overnight.
• Weed management in nursery: Apply Pyrazosulfuron ethyl @ 20 g/ha on 3rd-4th DAS (OR) apply pre-emergence herbicide Butachlor 1.0 l/ha (or) Pendimethalin 1.0 l/ha on 8 DAS
• Fertilizers: Apply 40 kg DAP as basal or after 10 DAS; 4 kg of gypsum/cent for clayey soils; 100 g ZnSO₄/cent.
• For dry nursery raised seedlings, dip in 2% ZnSO₄ or ZnO for 30 min before transplanting.
• Direct seeding: Use TNAU rice cum green manure seeder for wet seeded puddled lowland rice cultivation. Sow pregerminated paddy and Dhaincha in alternate rows in puddled soil and incorporate Dhaincha after one month.

Main field

• Dip the seedling roots in a slurry containing 1 kg each of Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria or 1 kg Azophos inoculant in 40 litres of water for 15-30 minutes and transplant.
• Apply 2 kg each of Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria (or) Azophos, Silicate solubilizing bacteria / Potash bacteria with 25 kg of FYM /ha. Apply Bacillus subtilis at 2.5 kg/ha mixed with 50 kg FYM.
• Apply soil test based fertilizers or blanket application of 150:50:50 kg N:P₂ O₅ :K₂ O/ha for short duration; 120:40:40 kg/ ha for medium duration varieties; 175:60:60 kg/ha for hybrid rice; 50:25:25 kg/ha for dry seeded rice; 75:25:37.5 kg/ha for dry seeded rice with supplemental irrigation and 75:50:37.5 kg/ha for dry seeded irrigated rice. Full P to be applied as basal and incorporated; N and K to be applied in four equal splits viz., basal, tillering, panicle initiation and heading stages.
• Apply 25 kg/ha ZnSO₄ as basal before transplanting. For Cauvery delta zone, apply 5 kg/ha CuSO₄.
• Foliar spray 1% urea + 2% MAP + 1% KCl at panicle initiation and 10 days after first spray to improve grain filling rate and yield in all varieties.
• Weed management: Butachlor 1.25 kg/ha or Anilophos 0.4 kg/ha as pre-emergence application (OR) Butachlor 0.6 kg + 2,4 DEE 0.75 kg/ha (OR) Anilophos + 2, 4 DEE ‘ready-mix’ at 0.4 kg/ha (OR) pretilachlor at 1.0 kg/ha (OR) Pyrazosulfuron ethyl @ 20 g/ha on 3 DAT (OR) butachlor 0.75 kg/ha + bensulfuron methyl 50 g/ha on 3 DAT (OR) Oxadiazon 87.5 g/ ha followed by Post emergence 2,4-D 1 kg/ha. Post emergence herbicide 2,4-D sodium salt 1.25 kg/ha in 625 litres, three weeks after transplanting or when the weeds are in 3 - 4 leaf stage. Early post emergence application of Bispyribac sodium 40 g/ha at 2-3 leaf stage of weeds.
• Gall midge management: Distribute Platygaster oryzae parasitised galls at 1 per 10 m2 on 10 days after transplanting, when natural parasitisation is noticed in abundance. Spray Carbosulfan 25% EC 800-1000 ml (OR) Chlorpyriphos 20% EC 1250 ml (OR) Fipronil 5% SC 1000-1500 g (OR) Fipronil 0.3% G 16.67 - 25 kg (OR) Quinalphos 5% G 5 kg (OR) Thiamethoxam 25% WG 100 g/ha
• False smut management: Two sprays with propiconazole 25 EC @ 500 ml/ha or copper hydroxide 77 WP @ 1.25 kg/ha at boot leaf and 50% flowering stages (OR) Two sprays with copper hydroxide 77 WP @ 2.0 kg/ha at boot leaf and 50% flowering stages

Sorghum

• Varieties: CO 30, CO 32 and K 12

Pearl millet

• Varieties: CO 10 and Hybrid CO 9; Remove ergot affected seeds by soaking in 10 % salt solution and removing the floating seeds.

Finger millet

• Varieties: CO (Ra) 14, CO 15, ML 365, Paiyur 2 and ATL 1

Maize

• Hybrid CO 6, COH(M) 8 and COH(M) 9; Apply 135:62.5:50 kg/ ha N:P₂ O₅ :K₂ O for varieties and 250:75:75 kg/ha for hybrids. Apply TNAU MN mixture @ 30 kg/ha as enriched FYM (Prepare enriched FYM at 1:10 ratio MN mixture and FYM; mix at friable moisture and incubate for one month in shade (OR) 12.5 kg of micronutrient mixture of Department of Agriculture. Apply Atrazine @ 0.50 kg/ ha as pre-emergence herbicide on 3-5 DAS followed by 2,4-D @ 1 kg/ha on 20-25 DAS; Follow the IPM for FAW management. Raise green manure intercrops & incorporate. Foliar application of TNAU maize maxim @ 7.5 kg/ha during tassel initiation and @ 7.5 kg/ha during grain filling stages to enhance seed filling.

Redgram

• Varieties: Co (Rg) 7, CO 8 and VBN(Rg) 3; Treat the seeds with Carbendazim or Thiram @ 2 g/kg of seed 24 hours before sowing (or) with talc formulation of Trichoderma viride @ 4g/kg of seed (or) Bacillus subtilis @ 10 g/kg seed; Pre emergence application of Pendimethalin 0.75 kg/ha (2.5 litres/ha) on 3 DAS

Blackgram and greengram

• Blackgram varieties: VBN 6, MDU 1, CO 6, VBN 8, VBN 10; Co 7 rice fallow: ADT 3, ADT 6, KKM 1, VBN 6, VBN 9.
• Greengram varieties: Co (Gg) 7, VBN(Gg) 2, VBN(Gg) 3, CO 8, VBN 4; Rice fallow: ADT 3
• Treat the seeds with Carbendazim or Thiram @ 2 g/kg of seed 24 hours before sowing (OR) with talc formulation of Trichoderma viride @ 4g/kg of seed (OR) Bacillus subtilis @ 10g/kg seed. Treat the seeds with 200 g each of Rhizobial culture COG 15, Phosphobacteria and PGPR (Bacillus subtilis sp.) using rice gruel, shade dry it before sowing. (or) 25 g each of each of powder formulation of Rhizobium and AM fungi using binder (polymer), shade dry before sowing.
• Sowing with seed drill maintains optimum plant population; Installation of micro sprinklers, application of pre-emergence herbicides or early hand weeding before 15-20 DAS; Installation of traps; Foliar spray of TNAU Pulses Wonder @ 5 kg/ha during peak flowering stage; mechanical harvest.

Horse gram

• Variety: Paiyur 2, CRIDA 18R and CRIDA 19 R

Groundnut

• Varieties: TMVGn 13, VRI(Gn) 6, VRI 8, CO 7, TMV 14, Dharani, BSR 2
• Apply TNAU MN mixture @ 7.5 kg /ha as Enriched FYM (Prepare enriched FYM at 1:10 ratio of MN mixture & FYM; mix at friable moisture & incubate for one month in shade). Broadcast evenly on the soil surface immediately after sowing. Do not incorporate micronutrient mixture into the soil.
• Pre-emergence application of Pendimethalin @ 1.0 l/ha
• Apply gypsum @ 400 kg/ha on 40 to 70 DAS depending upon duration of the variety and soil moisture.
• Raise one row of cowpea for every five rows of groundnut wherever the red hairy caterpillar is endemic. To manage root rot, treat the seeds with carbendazim @ 2 g/kg or Trichoderma asperellum @ 4 g/kg or Bacillus subtilis @ 10 g/kg of seeds.
• Soil application of Bacillus subtilis @ 2.5 kg/ha with 50 kg of well decomposed FYM / sand at 30 DAS.
• Foliar spray of TNAU Groundnut Rich @ 5 kg/ ha during flowering and pod formation stage.

Sesame

• Varieties: VRI(Sv) 2, TMV 7, VRI 3; Seed treatment with Trichoderma @4g/kg of seed, Bacillus subtilis @ 2 g/kg seed or NSKE 4%. Intercropping of Sesamum + Redgram (6:1) for additional net returns.
• Apply 35:23:23 kg N:P₂O₅ :K₂O /ha and TNAU micronutrient mixture @ 12.5 kg/ha as enriched FYM. Thinning of excess seedlings to be done to induce basal branching.

Sugarcane

• Intercrop with Dhaincha / Sunnhemp in wider rows and incorporate. Use power weeder with rotavator for weeding and earthing up with ridger to save the cost of cultivation. Trash mulching to avoid incidence of early shoot borer. Foliar spray of Sugarcane booster 

Banana

• Treat the suckers for 5 minutes in carbendazim 0.1%. Sow sunnhemp/ Marigold on the 45th day; incorporate after a month. At the time of planting tissue cultured banana, apply 25 g Bacillus subtilis / plant. Apply 25 kg ZnSO₄ basally.
• From 4/5th month of planting foliar spray 75 g of banana special in 15 litres of water (about 12 kg/ac) at monthly intervals on the whole plant till the bunch formation and there after two sprays on the bunches
• Apply press mud @ 15 t/ha (5 kg/pit) or neem cake @ 1.5 t/ha (500 g/pit) during planting to reduce nematode build up.

Guava

• Nematode management: Use air layers and sterilized soil media. Adopt soil less media (vermiculite and coir pith) in nursery. Intercrop with marigold around the basin of the tree. Apply Purpureocillium lilacinum @ 60 g mixed with FYM 5 kg and neem cake @ 250 g per tree once in three months.
• Spray Beauveria bassiana @ 5g/lit during flowering stage to control tea mosquito bug.

Papaya

• Raise papaya seedlings in insect proof net house and spray with a systemic insecticide 3 days before transplanting to manage papaya ringspot virus
• Drench the soil with 1% Bordeaux mixture or metalaxyl @ 0.2% at fortnightly intervals 2 to 4 times to manage root rot/wilt.
• For papaya ringspot disease vector management, spray dimethoate @1.5 ml / l at monthly intervals up to 5 months after planting followed by 0.5% ZnSO4 + 0.1% boron at 4th and 7th month after planting.

Mango

• Remove overlapping, intercrossing, diseased, dried, and weak branches in old trees to get good sunlight and aeration. Carry out judicious pruning of the internal branches during August – September, once in three years
• Management of gummosis in mango: Remove infected twigs, branches, and spray tebuconazole @ 0.1% at 15 days interval.
• Foliar spray IIHR mango special (2 pre-flowering and 2 post flowering sprays @ 0.5%)
• Fruit fly Management: Fruit fly management using Methyl eugenol traps @ 25/ha
• Mango special and Methyl eugenol traps are available with KVK, Krishnagiri
• To induce off-season flowering, heading back of 10 cm terminal growth after the emergence of new growth (vegetative and floral growth) during December - January along with soil application of Paclobutrazol @ 0.75g a.i. per tree during March - April is recommended for mango variety Neelum. Keeping good soil moisture conditions and nutrient health status of the plant are very important when Pacloburazol application is resorted.

Tomato

• Varieties: PKM 1, CO 3 (Marutham) and Paiyur 1; Hybrids: TNAU Tomato Hybrid CO 3, TNAU Tomato Hybrid CO4, Arka Rakshak, Arka Samrat.
• Treat the seeds with Trichoderma viride 4 g or Bacillus subtilis 10 g or Carbendazim 2 g/kg of seeds 24 hours before sowing. Just before sowing, treat the seeds with Azospirillum @ 40 g/400 g seeds. Raise the seeds in pro-trays and transplant in the main field.
• Weed management: Apply Pendimethalin 1.0 kg a.i./ha or Fluchloralin 1.0 kg a.i / ha as pre-emergence herbicide, followed by hand weeding once at 30 days after planting.
• Foliar application of Vegetable special @ 5gm/lit thrice with any wetting agent at 10 days interval from 40 days after planting will boost the quality and yield of fruits
• Spray ZnSO4 @ 0.5% thrice at 10 days interval from 40 DAP. Spray 19:19:19 + Mn @ 1 % at 60 DAP, 0.3% Boric acid at flowering and 10 days later
• Nematode management: Grow marigold as intercrop at 8:1 ratio. Use bio-inoculants, Trichoderma viride and Purpureocillium lilacinum @ 5 kg/ha + neem cake or FYM at the time of planting or 15-30 DAP.
• Pin-bollworm management: Place pheromone traps @ 40/ha, border crop with pulses to encourage natural enemies, release Trichogramma pretiosum @ 40,000/acre at weekly intervals. Spray Azadirachtin 1.0% EC @ 2.0 ml/l or Indoxacarb 14.5 SC @ 8 ml/10 litres or Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 3.0 ml/10 litres or Emamectin benzoate 5 SG @ 4 g/10 litres or Spinetoram 11.7 SC @ 1.0 ml/l or Spinosad 45 SC @ 3.2 ml/10 litres.
• Leaf curl and tomato spotted wilt virus management: Spray thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 0.4 ml/l or cyantraniliprole 10.26 OD @ 1.8 ml/l or Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 0.3 ml/l to manage the vector. Leaf curl: Install yellow sticky traps @ 12 /ha to attract the adults. Remove alternate weed host Abutilon indicum. Apply or spray carbofuran 3 CG@ 40 kg/ha or dimethoate 30 EC @ 1 ml/l or malathion 50 EC @ 1.5 ml/l or methyl demeton 25 EC @ 1.0 ml/l. Grow Leaf curl and spotted wilt resistant varieties like Arka rakshak and Arka Samrat

Brinjal

• Varieties: CO 2, MDU 1, PKM 1, PLR 1, PLR (B) 2, KKM 1, PPI 1, Annamalai and TNAU Brinjal VRM 1, VRM 2. Hybrids: COBH 1, COBH 2, Arka Anand, Arka Asheel
• Plant grafted brinjal: Thirty days old brinjal seedlings of desirable variety/hybrid are used as scion and grafted on fifty-five to sixty days old Solanum torvum seedlings by cleft grafting. Place the grafted seedlings in mist chamber for 15 days and in shade net for 15 days for hardening.
• Treat the seeds with Trichoderma viride @ 4 g / kg or Bacillus subtilis @ 10 g/kg of seed and with Azospirillum @ 40 g / 400 g of seeds using rice gruel as adhesive.
• Apply Bacillus subtilis to soil @ 2.5 kg/ha with 50 kg of FYM to reduce the disease incidence.
• Apply 8-10% neem oil mixed neem cake @ 250 kg/ha at the last ploughing to reduce the fruit and shoot borer incidence.
• Installation of pheromone trap for fruit and shoot borer and yellow sticky trap for white fly @ each 12 nos./ha at 20 - 25 DAT.

Bhendi

• Varieties: Arka Anamika, Arka Abhay, Parbhani Kranti, Varsha Uphar and Arka Nikita. Hybrids: CO(BhH) 1, CO (BhH) 3 and Bhendi Hybrid CO 4
• Seed treatment with Trichoderma viride @ 4 g/kg or Bacillus subtilis @ 10 g/kg of seeds and again with 400 g of Azospirillum using starch as adhesive and dried in shade for 20 minutes.
• Foliar nutrition: 1% urea + 1%MOP on 30th and 45th DAP. For hybrids, foliar application of 19:19:19 three times @ 0.5% at 10 days interval from 30th DAP
• Spray Oxyflourfen at 0.15 kg ai/ha or Fluchloralin @ 1.0 kg ai/ha or Metolachlor @ 0.75 kg a.i/ha as pre-emergence application on the third day of sowing.
• Yellow vein mosaic: Spray azadirachtin 0.03 WSP @ 5 g/10 litres or methyl demeton 25 EC @ 1.6 ml/l or thiamethoxam 25 WG @ 2 g/l to manage the insect vector, whitefly.

Gourds

• Pumpkin: CO 1, CO 2, Arka Suryamukhi and Arka Chandan
• Snake gourd: CO1, CO 2, PKM 1, PLR 1 and PLR 2 & Hybrid: Snake gourd COH1
• Ridge gourd: CO 1, CO 2 and PKM 1 & Hybrid: Ridge gourd COH1
• Bottle gourd: Pusa Summer Prolific Long, Pusa Summer Prolific Round, Pusa Manjari, Pusa Megdoot and Arka Bahar, PLR 1, PLR 2 & Hybrid: TNAU Bottle Gourd Hybrid CO1
• Bitter gourd: CO 1, MDU 1, Arka Harit, VK1, Priya and Preethi & Hybrid: COBgoH1
• Seed treatment with Trichoderma viride @ 4 g or Bacillus subtilis @ 10g/kg of seeds
• Apply Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria @ 2 kg/ha and Bacillus subtilis 2.5 kg/ha along with FYM 50 kg/ha and neem cake @ 100 kg/ha.
• Spray Ethrel 100 ppm (1 ml in 10 lit of water) four times starting from 10 to 15 days after sowing at weekly intervals.
• Spray PPFM @ 1% at critical stage of crop growth and subsequent spray at 30 days interval
• Foliar spray of Arka IIHR Vegetable special @ 0.1% at 30, 45 and 70 days after sowing to maximize the yield.
• Apply neem cake @ 30 g/plant as spot treatment 10 days prior to sowing and Soil application of Bacillus subtilis @ 2.5kg/ha should be done to reduce the nematode incidence.
• Install cucurbit fruit fly trap @ 12 Nos/ha to mass trap fruit fly adults. Place yellow sticky traps @ 12/ha to attract the sucking pests such as aphids, leaf hoppers and whiteflies.

Chilli

• Varieties K 1, K 2, CO 1, CO 2, CO 3, CO 4, PKM 1 (for semidry conditions in Southern Districts), PLR1 (for coastal regions of North - East Tamil Nadu) and KKM (Ch) 1. Hybrids: TNAU Chilli Hybrid CO 1, Arka Meghna and KBCH 4
• Treat the seeds with Trichoderma viride @ 4 g/kg or Bacillus subtilis @ 10 g/kg.
• Drench the nursery with copper oxychloride @ 2.5 g/l of water at 15 days interval. Apply Carbofuran 3 G at 10 g/m² at the time of sowing.
• Apply Pendimethalin 1.0 kg a.i./ ha or Fluchloralin 1.0 kg a.i. /ha as pre-emergence herbicide followed by hand weeding once 30 days after planting.
• Thrips: Grow Agathi as intercrop. Treat seeds with imidacloprid 70 WS @ 12g /kg of seed or Thiamethaxm 30FS

Annual Moringa

• Varieties: PKM 1, PKM 2, KDM 1 (Bhagya)
• High density planting at 1.5 X 1.0 m spacing with two plants/hill.
• Apply 135:23:45 g of N:P2O5:K2O/pit.
• For PKM-2, plant at 1.2 x 1.2 m. Pinch the main shoots on 80th DAS

Tapioca

• Varieties: CO 2, CO 3, CO (Tp) 4, CO (Tp) 5, MVD 1, H 165, H 226, Sree Visakham (H.1687), Sree Sahya (H.2304), Sree Prakash (S. 856), Sree Vijaya, Sree Jaya, Sree Rekha, Sree Prabha, Sree Athulya, Sree Raksha (CMD resistant), Yethapur 1 (YTP 1) and YTP 2

Small onion (Aggregatum)

• Varieties: CO 1, CO 2, CO 3, CO 4 and MDU 1, CO (On) 5 and CO6 (free flowering and seed setting type).
• Bulb treatment Trichoderma asperellum @ 5 g/kg.
• Basal application of T.asperellum @ 2.5 kg/ha along with VAM @ 12.5 kg/ha to reduce basal rot incidence.
• Foliar spray 0.5% ZnSO₄ 1% MnSO₄ thrice on 30, 40 & 50 DAS. Five days after sowing of bulbs, sow maize as barrier crop in 2 rows around the field and ridges at a spacing of 1 ft, to prevent the entry of Thrips.

Coconut

• Coconut Rugose Spiraling Whitefly: Release Encarsia guadeloupe @100 parasitoids /ac, yellow sticky trap 5ft x 15ft smeared with Castor oil @5 Nos./ac, Forced water sprays and release of predator Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi eggs @500 Nos/ac wherever feasible. Pesticide holiday to be declared for the conservation of natural enemies.

Livestock

• Follow proper quarantine measures while purchasing new animals and desi birds
• Vaccinate the newly purchased adult poultry with RDVK vaccine (Subcutaneous route).
• Contact KVKs for mineral mixtures, mineral blocks, Ranikhet vaccines, fodder seeds and other advice.

Cattle and buffalo

• The dry fodder like paddy straw and sorghum stover may be enriched with urea or molasses and salt to enhance the digestibility in large ruminants.
• Hydroponics fodder may be utilized wherever available.
• During the onset of rainfall worm infestation may be more. Hence proper deworming must be done at regular intervals by assessing the worm load in dung at any clinical laboratories or outreach centers of the University.
• Management of ectoparasites may be taken up by use of medicinal dip or topical applications or by injections.
• For calves up to 3-6 months of age, mineralized salt blocks may be hanged in the sheds to prevent mineral deficiency.
• Supplementation of TANUVAS mineral mixture along with concentrate feed @ 30- 50 gm/animal /day for milch animals
• Supplementation of TANUVAS mineral mixture along with concentrate feed @ 15 gm/animal /day for dry animals
• Supplementation of Salt (NaCl) @ 30-50 g/day/animal for better milk yield
• Supplementation of Sodium Bicarbonate (Baking soda) @ 30-50 g/ day/animal for better milk fat yield and to avoid SARA.
• Azolla supplementation may be taken-up @1-2 kg/dairy cattle/ day.
• If brewer’s yeast or any other unconventional feed is added in the ration, farmers are advised to feed not more than 10% in the ration.
• TANUVAS Masti-guard may be used to prevent Mastitis and for clean milk production.
• Farmers to utilize the validated EVM (Ethno Veterinary Medicine) practices.
• Avoid feeding fungus and mold affected paddy straw to the cattle.
• Use potassium permanganate in water for washing the udder before and after milking.
• Keep the cow in standing position for 1 hour immediately after milking for proper closing of teat orifice to prevent entry of microbes from the dusty and mud floor.
• Keep the animals inside the shelter during raining and night hours.

Goat and Sheep

• Locally available feed materials may be effectively used for feeding and the same popularized.
• Hydroponics fodder may be utilized wherever available.
• Before the onset of monsoon, based on worm load by dung examination, deworming to be done with appropriate deworming medicine.
• New animals added to the herd should be quarantined for 25 days to assess incidence of PPR or any other infection.
• 250-300 g of concentrate feed should be given to the pregnant ewes to avoid stillbirth or weak kids.
• Fodder tree seedlings should be cultivated by using the rainfall and green fodder leaves may be fed to the animals.
• Crop residues, unconventional feeds such as tapioca leaves, onion crop residues, banana leaves and stems etc., may be fed to the animals in case of scarcity of pasture.
• Azolla supplementation may be taken-up @ 250-500 g/sheep/goat/ day.
• Dipping with acaricides should be carried out to get rid of ectoparasites (ticks/fleas) in small ruminants.
• Farmers to utilize the validated EVM practices.
• Vaccinate the sheep and goat with PPR / anthrax in consultation with local veterinarians.

Poultry

• Chicks may be purchased from authorized hatcheries of Veterinary University or private hatcheries with proper precautionary measures.
• Desi birds should be vaccinated against Ranikhet Disease (7th day F1 strain (Eye drop), 14th day with IBD vaccine (Eye drops), 28th day Lasota (Eye drop), 56th day RDVK vaccine).
• Amla/butter milk or lemon juice may be added in good quality drinking water to alleviate stress in birds.
• To improve the growth rate 1 per cent protein level (soya bean meal) may be added in the feed.
• Suitable coccidiostat should be added in the feed continuously by consulting the local veterinarian to prevent coccidiosis.
• 3-5 g of oyster shell/limestone/grit per day/bird shall be given to laying hens to avoid leathery eggs.
• Shifting, transportation, debeaking and vaccination of birds should be done during night or cool hours of the day.
• Azolla supplementation may be taken-up @ 50 g/bird/day
• Farmers to utilize the validated EVM practices.
• Racking/mixing of bedding materials: add groundnut husk to the bedding materials and mix it. Avoid moisturizing the bedding materials. If more moisture is present, add lime powder and mix the bedding materials. Observe biscuit or red colour of dropping to identify coccidiosis disease in poultry. If any death, conduct a postmortem examination and give medicines accordingly with help of veterinarians.

Fisheries

Carp culture

• Replace 10 to 20 % of water with borewell/creak water in freshwater carp culture.
• Parasite free seed selection.
• Analysis of water quality parameters at least monthly once.
• The lime (Calcium carbonate) may be applied at the rate of 150 to 200 kg/ha to increase the pH of pond water.
• Avoid over feeding.
• Provide feed based on the biomass.
• Application of OTC 100 mg /kg of pellet feed for 5 days

Shrimp Culture

• PCR test is compulsory before releasing the shrimp PL into the pond.
• Culture water should be treated before releasing the seed.

GIFT Tilapia culture

• Exchange water and replace with borewell water to avoid DO problems.
• Reduce the biomass by partial harvest, reduce the application of fertilizers to prevent the deterioration of water. Analysis of water quality parameters at least monthly once.
• Feeding tray (check tray) should be properly monitored to avoid over feeding.

Ornamental fish culture

• Application of Oxytetracycline at the rate of 50 mg/kg of feed for one-week period to control bacterial diseases.
• Dip treatment with 0.5 ppm KMNO₄ and 3% salt solution to control bacterial diseases.

Seabass Culture

• Size segregation must be done in the initial stage. Avoid shortage of feeding.

Source : ICAR Rabi agro-advisory for farmers