Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis

India is committed to eliminating Lymphatic Filariasis by 2027, three years ahead of the global target through mission mode, multi partner, multi sector, targeted drive for which a Roadmap to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) has been drawn.

Lymphatic filariasis

Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a mosquito borne infectious disease caused by nematode parasites of the order Filariiidea. LF in man is caused by three species of filarial parasites – Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi and Brugia timori. Several species of Culex, Anopheles, Aedes and Mansonia mosquitoes are involved in transmission of LF. 

Prevalence in India

Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a serious public health problem in India. The disease is prevalent in rural and urban areas of 256 districts of 16 states and 5 union territories. Lymphatic filariasis is more prevalent among urban poor and affects all segments of rural population. The infection starts in childhood and accumulates through adulthood, resulting in irreversible chronic disease conditions such as lymphedema, elephantiasis and hydrocele. The disease inflicts stigma, mental suffering, social deprivation and economic loss and is a major cause of poverty in the affected communities.

To access the list of endemic districts, click here.

Lymphoedema and Hydrocele case load

In 2021, 525440 Lymphoedema and 144645 Hydrocele cases were reported in the country. Highest burden of Lymphedema cases were reported from Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Odisha & Telangana, and highest burden of Hydrocele cases were reported from Odisha, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.

Four States (UP, Odisha, Telangana, and Bihar) account for ~60% Lymphedema cases, while four States (Odisha, Jharkhand, UP and Bihar,) account for ~80% Hydrocele cases.

Strategy for Elimination

Renewed five-pronged strategy for elimination of LF is to be followed. The five pillars are as follows:

• Multi-drug administration (MDA) Campaign twice a year synchronized with National Deworming Day (10th Feb and 10th August)
• Early diagnosis and treatment; engagement of medical colleges for strengthening Morbidity management and disability (MMDP) services
• Integrated Vector Control with multi sectoral coordinated efforts
• For inter sectoral convergence with allied departments and ministries 
• Leveraging existing digital platforms for LF and exploring alternate diagnostics

Source :  National Center for Vector Borne Diseases Control (NCVBDC), Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India